Robert William Troup Jr. (October 18, 1918 – February 7, 1999) was an American actor, jazz pianist, singer, and songwriter.

He is best known as the composer of the rhythm and blues standard "(Get Your Kicks on) Route 66" and for the role of Dr. Joe Early with his wife Julie London in the television program Emergency!

[11] The song is also performed by the title character in Tex Avery's cartoon short Red Hot Riding Hood (1943).

[14] During this time he composed "Take Me Away from Jacksonville", which was to become an anthem of sorts for the Marines at Montford Point and other areas of Camp Lejeune.

[15] In February 1942, Troup's song "Snootie Little Cutie" was recorded by Frank Sinatra and Connie Haines with the Tommy Dorsey Orchestra and the Pied Pipers.

[17] Troup's hipster interpretation of the fairy tale "The Three Bears" was first recorded by the Page Cavanaugh Trio[18] in 1946 and later by Leon McAuliffe,[19] and Ray Ellington.

He wrote the title song (sung by Little Richard) for the 1950s rock and roll film The Girl Can't Help It.

[21] While he relied on songwriting royalties, Troup worked as an actor, appearing in Bop Girl Goes Calypso (1957), The High Cost of Loving (1958), The Five Pennies (1959), and playing musician Tommy Dorsey in the film The Gene Krupa Story (1959).

[26] He encouraged her to pursue her singing career, and in 1955 he produced her million-selling hit record "Cry Me a River".

On February 7, 1999, Troup died of a heart attack in the Los Angeles suburb of Sherman Oaks.