He was the eldest son of Duke Bolko I of Opole by his wife Agnes, probably a daughter of Margrave Otto III of Brandenburg.
This alliance with the Bohemian Kingdom caused a war between him and Władysław I the Elbow-high, which ended with the loss of Wieluń in 1326.
On 18 February 1327, together with the other Silesian dukes, Bolesław paid homage to King John of Bohemia in Opawa.
In 1336, as a reward for his faithful services, the king authorized Bolesław to buy the town of Prudnik with the surroundings villages by the amount of 2,000 fines.
In 1355 Bolesław took part in the trip of King Charles I of Bohemia to Rome, where the latter was crowned Holy Roman emperor.