The Kriegsmarine bombed the city of Almería in retaliation for a Republican air attack on the German cruiser Deutschland.

[1] The Spanish Republican Air Force carried out attacks against the harbor of Mallorca, a known Nationalist naval base.

[2] Indalecio Prieto, the Republican minister of Defense wanted to attack the German fleet, but the president Manuel Azaña and the prime minister Juan Negrin were opposed to Prieto's plan because an open war against Germany might have brought the annihilation of the Republic.

[5] At the end of July the Italians started a campaign of maritime attacks against Republican and neutral merchant ships.

[3] The loss of merchant ships and the beginning of the Second Sino-Japanese War led the Soviets to reduce their aid to the Republic.