In addition, the bona fide residence test takes into account factors such as the individual's intention, the purpose of the trip, and the length and nature of the stay.
There are special deductions and exclusions that accompany this only if the individual is a U.S. citizen or U.S. resident alien and has a tax treaty.
Mike moves to South Africa for work and expects to be there for an indefinite or extended period.
Even though Mike is a bona fide resident of South Africa, his domicile is the United States, but he probably will qualify for FEIE, because his stay was more than a year, and for an indefinite period.
The individual is allowed to leave this country for brief trips back to the U.S, or somewhere else for either vacation or business.