Bonnie Jean Mathieson (May 10, 1945 – January 8, 2018) was an American biomedical scientist and pioneer in HIV vaccine research.

She researched retrovirology, immunology, and genetics at Stanford University where she completed a master's degree in medical microbiology.

[2] Her dissertation was titled Selective expression of surface components on differentiated cells of the mouse: immunoselection of Y-bearing sperm in an in vitro fertilization system and expression of the thymocyte surface markers G(IX), TL and LY in tetraparental mice.

As a program officer, she developed funding opportunity announcements for HIV vaccine, immunology, and pediatric AIDS research.

Mathieson is a past chair of the HIV/AIDS Vaccine Coordinating Committee in the Office of AIDS Research (OAR).

[2] Mathieson also served on review boards for the World Health Organization, European Commission, Canada and the Gates Foundation.