A fossil of the single and type species, B. taimyrensis, has been discovered in deposits of the Early Devonian period (Lochkovian epoch) in the Krasnoyarsk Krai, Siberia, Russia.

The size of the only known specimen of Borchgrevinkium, identified with the label PIN 1271/1, is estimated more or less at 3 centimetres (1.2 inches), making it a small arthropod.

The genital appendage (a ventral "rod" part of the reproductive system) of Borchgrevinkium was long, spanning from its first to its second segment.

The telson (the posteriormost division of the body) was cuneiform (wedge-like), short and narrow, and measured 0.45 cm (0.18 in).

[1] In 1956, the Russian paleontologist and geologist Vladimir Vasilyevich Menner discovered a series of fossils in Devonian deposits near the Imangda River at the southwest of the Taymyr Peninsula, near Norilsk, in the Krasnoyarsk Krai (Russia, then the Soviet Union).

Novojilov considered it unique enough to be erected as a new genus, Borchgrevinkium, named after the Anglo-Norwegian explorer Carsten Borchgrevink for his expeditions to Antarctica.

However, the Norwegian paleontologist Leif Størmer, who assisted him during his study, noticed that what Novojilov had considered to be an accidental fissure was actually part of the "macrosegment" (the first segment), finding as well the tip of the appendages after closer examination.

[1] In 1966, the American paleontologist Erik Norman Kjellesvig-Waering, during a study on the families and genera of the superfamily Stylonuracea (now known as Stylonuroidea), tentatively recorded an Upper Silurian occurrence of the genus Borchgrevinkium apart from the Lower Devonian one, believing that a new specimen had been found.

[4] In 2017, the British geologist and paleobiologist James C. Lamsdell and the Irish palaeontologist Derek Briggs found that this specimen was YPM IP 300790, collected in the Bertie Formation in the state of New York in 1967 by Samuel J. Ciurca, Jr., who identified it as a new undescribed species of Borchgrevinkium after contacting Størmer.

Lamsdell made a note in it and in Anderella, determining that in order to consolidate the classification of both genera in Prosomapoda, new fossil material is needed.

[8] †Fuxianhuia †Emeraldella †Trilobitomorpha †Sidneyia †Yohoia †Alalcomenaeus †Leanchoilia †Palaeoisopus Pycnogonum †Haliestes †Offacolus †Weinbergina †Venustulus †Camanchia †Legrandella †Kasibelinurus †Willwerathia †Lunataspis †Belinurina Limulina †Pseudoniscus †Cyamocephalus †Pasternakevia †Bunodes †Limuloides †Bembicosoma †Chasmataspidida Arachnida †Eurypterida The only known specimen of Borchgrevinkium has been recovered in Early Devonian (Lochkovian) deposits of the Taymyr Peninsula in Siberia, Russia.

It was found alongside specimens of the chasmataspidids Dvulikiaspis menneri, Heteroaspis stoermeri and Skrytyaspis andersoni, as well as indeterminate eurypterids like Acutiramus.