Boris Artashesovich Babayan (Russian: Борис Арташеcович Бабаян; Armenian: Բորիս Արտաշեսի Բաբայան; born Baku, 20 December 1933) is a Soviet and Russian computer scientist of Armenian descent, notable as the pioneering creator of supercomputers in the former Soviet Union and Russia.

From 1956 to 1996, Babayan worked in the Lebedev Institute of Precision Mechanics and Computer Engineering, where he eventually became chief of the hardware and software division.

In the 1970s, being one of 15 deputies of chief architect V. S. Burtsev, he worked on the first superscalar computer, the Elbrus-1 and programming language Эль-76.

[1] Using these computers in 1978, ten years before commercial applications appeared in the West, the Soviet Union developed its missile systems and its nuclear and space programs.

From 1992 to 2004, Babayan held senior positions in the Moscow Center for SPARC Technology (MCST) and Elbrus International.