[1] In 1954, he graduated from Tallinn Polytechnical Institute in cybernetics speciality (cum laude).
In 1970, he defended his doctoral thesis in Moscow.
[1] From 1976 to 1991, he was the rector of Tallinn University of Technology.
[1] In 2002, he was awarded with Order of the White Star, III class.
[2] This article about an Estonian scientist is a stub.