Diagnosis has spread from Australia to other parts of the world, such as the Spanish cities of Barcelona, Bilbao, Madrid, Tudela, Valencia, and Zaragoza.

[3] Transmission occurs via the ingestion of infected undercooked (or raw) terrestrial gastropods, such as Cornu aspersum (Pulmonata: Stylommatophora).

The second intermediate host harbors unencysted metacercariae in their kidneys (e.g. Cochlicella acuta, Cernuella virgata and Theba pisana).

[5] Though this may be the case in some parts of the world, it has been shown that humans actively ingest these snails as a source of food in some areas.

Clinical features have varied from recurrent short-lived episodic abdominal pain to recurrent severe watery diarrhea, which has a 5-10% mortality rate [1] Cardiac arrhythmias associated with heart failure refractory to treatment were present in a child infected and completely resolved with anti-helminthic treatment.