Brainfuck is an esoteric programming language created in 1993 by Swiss student Urban Müller.
While Brainfuck is fully Turing-complete, it is not intended for practical use but to challenge and amuse programmers.
The language takes its name from the slang term brainfuck, which refers to things so complicated or unusual that they exceed the limits of one's understanding, as it was not meant or made for designing actual software but to challenge the boundaries of computer programming.
Because the language's name contains profanity, many substitutes are used, such as brainfsck, branflakes, brainoof, brainfrick, BrainF, and BF.
The brainfuck language uses a simple machine model consisting of the program and instruction pointer, as well as a one-dimensional array of at least 30,000 byte cells initialized to zero; a movable data pointer (initialized to point to the leftmost byte of the array); and two streams of bytes for input and output (most often connected to a keyboard and a monitor respectively, and using the ASCII character encoding).
and a newline to the screen: For readability, this code has been spread across many lines, and blanks and comments have been added.
In 2024, a Google research project used a slightly modified 7-command version of Brainfuck as the basis of an artificial digital environment.