Engorgement changes the shape and curvature of the nipple region by making the breast inflexible, flat, hard, and swollen.

If it continues unchecked, the plugged duct can become a breast infection, at which point she may have a fever or flu-like symptoms.

Symptoms include the breasts being swollen and oedematous, and the skin appearing shiny and diffusely red.

The nipples may become stretched tight and flat which makes it difficult for the baby to attach and remove the milk.

Engorgement occurs less often in baby-friendly hospitals which practise the Ten Steps and which help mothers to start breastfeeding soon after delivery.

[6] Medical methods of treating engorged breasts are proteolytic enzymes such as serrapeptase, protease, and subcutaneous oxytocin.