It serves the town and comune of Brenner in the autonomous province of South Tyrol, northeastern Italy.

The station, situated at 1,371 m above sea, was opened in 1867 by the Austrian Empire's Südbahn as a mountain pass stop along the Brenner Railway.

In 1919, Brenner station came 300 m (980 ft) south of the border due to the annexation of County of Tyrol's territory by Italy from Treaty of Saint Germain-en-Laye (1919).

Some houses in Brenner had been destroyed to make room for a new area, 600 m (2,000 ft) long, for the station building and other rail infrastructure.

Moreover, the railway enabled more efficient movement of troops for the Austrian Empire to secure its southern regions of modern-day Veneto and Lombardy.

On 10 November 1918, following the German Empire's call for an armistice, Italian troops moved up from Veneto and arrived at Brenner.

Local traffic between Fortezza, Brenner and Innsbruck would continue with additional capacity being released on this railway section.