Bridging fault

In electronic engineering, a bridging fault consists of two signals that are connected when they should not be.

Depending on the logic circuitry employed, this may result in a wired-OR or wired-AND logic function.

Since there are O(n^2) potential bridging faults, they are normally restricted to signals that are physically adjacent in the design.

Bridging to VDD or Vss is equivalent to stuck at fault model.

If one driver dominates the other driver in a bridging situation, the dominant driver forces the logic to the other one, in such case a dominant bridging fault is used.