Brigham Dwaine Madsen (October 21, 1914 – December 24, 2010) was an American historian with an emphasis on indigenous peoples of the American West, the people of Utah and surrounding states, and Mormonism.

He was a longtime professor at the University of Utah.

[3][4] Madsen published six books on the Shoshone-Bannock.

[5] In Madsen's later life, he became a proponent Book of Mormon studies anchored in the 19th Century context of the book's publication rather than a focus on the ancient setting of the book's narrative.

Madsen edited the previously unpublished, early-20th-century Studies of the Book of Mormon by B. H. Roberts (1857–1933).