Born in Kirkcaldy,[1] Paterson began his playing career with Dunfermline Athletic, before moving to Celtic's youth sector at the age of 12.

[4] Whilst under contract with Celtic, Paterson spent time on loan at Queen's Park,[5] where he won the 2020–21 Scottish League Two,[2][6] and then Airdrieonians,[7] where he reached the promotional play-offs of the 2021–22 Scottish League One, as the club eventually lost to Queen's Park in the final round.

[8][10] On 4 July 2022, Paterson joined English League Two side Hartlepool United on a two-year deal.

[11] On 9 January 2023, Paterson signed for Cove Rangers on loan for the remainder of the season, re-joining with his former manager at Hartlepool, Paul Hartley.

[12] At the end of the 2022–23 season, the Hartlepool Mail reported that Paterson would be allowed to leave the club permanently.