Bucharest Articulated Tramcar

The original agreement included the local assembly of 100 CKD kits received from LHB, with the prototype to be possibly returned, should that idea had worked.

The axles were made by Grivița Auto Repair Works (Întreprinderea de Reparații Auto Grivița), which specialized in producing tram axles, while the traction electric motor was produced by the Uzina de Mașini Electrice București [ro] (UMEB), and the electrical equipment by Electroaparataj [ro] Bucharest.

The first units were allocated to the Dudești Depot to be used on lines serving the Titan housing estate.

The local authorities then turned to electrification of public transport in cities as a solution, which included the addition and expansion of trolleybus and tram networks.

At the same time the Timiș 2 made in Timișoara had more success than the V3A, however some city councils desired to have articulated trams instead of a traction car-trailer car formation.

However the same year, Bucharest's network was soon being faced with mass demolitions that threatened the disruption of most tram lines, and the solution of temporary track relocation was not possible like the previous times when the metro works forced tram lines to detour.

To answer to this issue, ITB modified a few V3A trams that were made in 1974 and 1978, and added doors on both sides and cabs at both ends.

By 1992, the following vehicles were produced: By the 1990s, in Bucharest however, the series was becoming outdated, so a modernization project started, called "V3A-93".

The main problem was the fact that these trams are all high floor vehicles, and despite being easy to maintain, they would have to be retired from service anyway due to non-compliance to EU transportation rules.

Here, the traction motors work on AC instead of DC, giving them the designation CA-PPC (Curent Alternativ-Podea Parțial Coborâtă).

[2] By 2021 as all of the 46 CH-PPC trams are due for major repairs, they have been re-modernized and have brought new features, like the overhauled interior, CCTV surveillance, better passenger information with two ultrawide displays, USB plugs, holstered seats and new validators that also allow debit cards as payment.

These have been painted in STB's new Lime Green livery, introduced first with the Mercedes-Benz Citaro Hybrid buses.

[3] There is also plans to modernize 50 more standard V3A-93 trams with environmental funds for the next two years, which will also bring an upgraded AC drive.

However, due to the slow closure of the network in the 2000s during Radu Mazăre's tenure as mayor, they were slowly withdrawn, with the last one being retired in 2008.

This tram was manufactured in 1998 by FAUR, and was given to the public transport company, in consideration to replace the older V3As.

Eventually the plan was dropped, and the tram was kept as a unique vehicle, currently being stored due to lack of parts.

To be able to run on the metre-gauge network, Nicolina Works Iași [ro] designed and fitted new axles for them,[5] and among other modifications included new types of doors, destination displays etc.

LHB GT8 prototype car 3501 seen in 1977 on Calea Văcărești