It is located about a mile east of the Sot river, and 27 km north of the Ganges,[3] in the Rohilkhand region of Uttar Pradesh.

[5] Prof. Goti John referred this city was named Bedamooth in an ancient inscription based on stone scripts at the Lucknow Museum.

The Muslim historian Roz Khan Lodhi said that Ashoka The Great built a Buddh Vihar and Quila; he named it BuddhMau (Budaun Fort).

[10] An inscription, probably of the 12th century, gives a list of twelve Rathore kings reigning at Budaun then called Vodamāyuta.

[12] The first authentic historical event connected with it, however, was its capture by Qutb-ud-din Aibak in 1196, after which it became a very important post on the northern frontier of the Delhi empire.

In the 13th century two of its governors, Shams-ud-din Iltutmish, the builder of the mosque referred above, and his son Rukn ud din Firuz, attained the imperial throne.

In 1571 the town was burnt, and about a hundred years later, under Shah Jahan, the seat of the governorship was transferred to Sahaspur-Bilari.

Budaun Metro Area have a population of around 417000[citation needed] and an area of 103 km2 (40 sq mi) With Badaun City, it includes Shekhupur, Bahedi, Islamganj, Chandanpur, Salarpur, Salarpur Industrial Estate, Shekhupur Firing Range, Padauna and Khera Buzurg.

The 13th century Jama Masjid, which was built by Iltutmish and the Qadri Dargah are among the popular shrines in Budaun.

Budaun also hosts the ancient Gauri Shankar Temple dedicated to Hindu god Shiva, it is India's first rasling[18] a Shivling made by amalgamation of liquid mercury and gold.

[20] Badaun is well connected with the rest of the state through roads and rail services, however the city lacks an airport.

Train Services in Budaun were startes after the completion of the 63 miles (101 km) long Kasganj Extension Line from Bareilly to Soron in 1885 by the Rohilkund and Kumaon Railway.