The BIA's official mission is to "uphold the constitutional sovereignty of the Federally recognized Tribes and preserve peace within Indian country".

[6] The Division of Operations consists of six regional districts with 208 bureau and tribal law enforcement programs employing 3,000 police officers.

The BIA Police Officers (Series 1801 as of April 2023) respond to calls concerning felonies and misdemeanors under Federal, State, local and tribal laws, they Investigate, apprehend, arrest, and detain all persons charged with violation of Title 18 of the United States Code.

BIA Officers also enforce all laws and regulations within his/her authority related to possession, use, distribution, trafficking and manufacturing of controlled substances.

BIA Police serve federal, state, or local or tribal warrants, subpoenas and other court papers; testifies at hearings and trials as an expert witness in federal, state, local or tribal courts as required; and prepares and submits reports of incidents or traffic accidents, daily and weekly activities, and narratives and statistical reports as required.

Correctional Officers on occasion have supported direct law enforcement with BIA Police but is up to the discretion of local officials .

These types of investigations may include activities such as surveillance, undercover operations, affecting arrests, evidence collection, search warrant execution, interviewing, Grand Jury appearances, case preparation, and trials involving criminal defendants in both federal and tribal court.

Or a 3 week abbreviated academy based on active law enforcement lateral transfer who meet or exceed the requirements.

This training includes courses in criminal law, use of force, rules of evidence, surveillance, arrest procedures, search warrant procedures, detention and arrest, use of firearms, vehicle operations, courtroom demeanor, and Indian Country law.

After gaining experience in the field, some Police Officers may decide to advance their careers and apply for management/Special Agent positions.

Indian Police Academy consists of 6 weeks of formal training in Corrections and Basic Law Enforcement.

After gaining experience in the field, some Special Agents may decide to advance their careers and apply for management positions.