The burial of Ferdinand Marcos, a former Philippine President who ruled as a dictator for 21 years,[1][2][3][4] took place on November 18, 2016, at the Libingan ng mga Bayani (lit.

The burial of Marcos, who died in 1989, at the Libingan ng mga Bayani has been a controversial issue as objectors, including victims of human rights violations during the dictator's brutal period of rule and participants of the People Power Revolution, have opposed attempts to bury Marcos citing the rampant corruption and cronyism of his administration; its practice of silencing dissent through arrests, disappearances, and torture by the police and military; and his family's infamous kleptocracy amounting to an estimated US$10 billion worth of stolen money that had earned Ferdinand and his wife Imelda.

After it was delayed on September 13, 2016, then again on October 18 that same year, the Supreme Court permitted, on November 8, Ferdinand Marcos' burial at the Libingan ng mga Bayani.

The Office of the Vice President received 3,000 responses from various political parties, sectors, organizations, and members of the public on the issue.

[21] Rodrigo Duterte supported the burial of Ferdinand Marcos at the Libingan ng mga Bayani, even before he assumed presidency and expressed this stance at his presidential campaign in the 2016 elections.

[22] At the Visayas leg of the PiliPinas Debates 2016, Duterte and fellow candidate Jejomar Binay expressed their support for a Marcos burial at the Libingan ng mga Bayani.

It's just the challenges and allegations of the other side, which is not enough.”[26] These insinuations however were disputed by many individuals and organizations - providing an exhaustive list of books, movies among other related media, about Marcos and/or Martial Law.

[27] In 2018, Dr. Jason Cabañes of the University of Leeds School of Media and Communication and Dr. Jonathan Corpus Ong of the University of Massachusetts Amherst released a study of organized disinformation efforts in the Philippines, titled "Architects of Networked Disinformation: Behind the Scenes of Troll Accounts and Fake News Production in the Philippines.

"[28][29][30] Based on participant observation in Facebook community groups and Twitter accounts, as well as key informant interviews with 20 "disinformation architects," conducted from December 2016 to December 2017, the study described a "professionalized and hierarchized group of political operators who design disinformation campaigns, mobilize click armies, and execute innovative “digital black ops” and “signal scrambling” techniques for any interested political client.

"[31] This network had “ad and PR strategists at the top.” [28] Ong and Cabañes' 2018 study uncovered the existence of a "Ilibing Na" ("Bury now") campaign designed to create public support for a hero's burial for Ferdinand Marcos using "diversionary tactics to elude allegations of human rights violations and corruption during the term of Ferdinand Marcos"[31] and launching "digital black ops that targeted prominent critics” of the Marcoses, particularly vice president Leni Robredo.

The Philippine government was noted to have an obligation to provide compensations to the victims, both monetary and non-monetary, the latter of which includes symbolic reparation.

The burial of Marcos at the Libingan ng mga Bayani was deemed by the dissenters as contrary to symbolic reparation entitled to the victims.

Marcos was described as "a dictator forced out of office and into exile after causing twenty years of political, economic, and social havoc in the country".

[36] Senior Associate Justice Antonio Carpio argued that Marcos' ouster following the People Power Revolution disqualified him from being buried at the Libingan ng mga Bayani even if the claim of him being awarded the Medal of Valor is indisputable since he was deposed by the "sovereign action of the people", which was described as "the strongest form of dishonorable discharge from office".

[38] The remains of Ferdinand Marcos were airlifted from Ilocos Norte at 9:00 a.m. and were brought to the Libingan ng mga Bayani in Fort Bonifacio in Taguig, Metro Manila.

[10] Opinion on Former President Ferdinand Marcos' burial at the Libingan ng mga Bayani (March 2011; Filipinos ages 18 and above)Social Weather Stations (SWS)[42] Opinion on Former President Ferdinand Marcos' burial at the Libingan ng mga Bayani (February 2016; Validated voters)Social Weather Stations (SWS)[10] On July 17, 2016, a group of people participated in a protest run around the Quezon Memorial Circle in Quezon City led by Fr.

[46] On September 30, Ateneo de Manila University wrote a memorandum, stating that the students should wear black T-shirts on UAAP Season 79 to protest the Marcos burial at the Libingan ng mga Bayani.

The next day, Aquino briefly joined the crowd at the Luneta for the "Pray for 8" event, a prayer rally calling at least eight justices of the Supreme Court to vote against the interment of Marcos.

[51] Lawyers and law students wore black T-shirts November 13 and rallied in front of the University of Santo Tomas where the bar exams held.

[52][53][54] The Bagong Alyansang Makabayan (BAYAN) called on November 14 for widespread demonstrations across the country, hoping to discourage President Rodrigo Duterte from proceeding the burial.

[55] On November 16, the Sangguniang Laiko ng Pilipinas (Council of the Laity of the Philippines) calls the planned hero's burial of Marcos "barefaced disrespect".

6 senators who abstained were Sonny Angara, Nancy Binay, Chiz Escudero, Win Gatchalian, Ralph Recto, and Migz Zubiri.

4 senators who were not present were Alan Peter Cayetano, Joseph Victor Ejercito, Loren Legarda, and Antonio Trillanes.

The League of Filipino Students described the transfer of Marcos remains for the eventually successful burial the former president as being done like "a thief in the night."

[62] Senator Franklin Drilon gave a statement about the burial, "like what Marcos did for 21 years, he caught us off-guard like a thief in the night.

[68] Maria Serena Diokno, chairperson of the National Historical Commission of the Philippines (NHCP) submitted her resignation on November 29, 2016, in protest of the Marcos burial.

She also praised the youth who expressed their opposition to the burial which she described as an act "in defense of History" and said she would personally join mass demonstrations scheduled on November 30, 2016.

[70][71] On December 10, about 11,000 protesters marched on the streets in Capiz, Iloilo, Bacolod, Aklan, and Cebu, commemorating Human Rights Day.

[72] On the night of December 15, about 150 members of a group called Coalition against Marcos Burial gathered at the People Power Monument to attend the mass.

[77][78] Manila Archbishop Cardinal Luis Antonio Tagle remained silent on the burial and instead chose to offer prayers for the Marcos family and the Filipinos.