[3] According to the United States Census Bureau, the township has a total area of 34.6 square miles (90 km2), all land.

About 18.4% of families and 14.0% of the population were below the poverty line, including 11.1% of those under the age of eighteen and none of those 65 or over.

Burke Township is located in Minnesota's 1st congressional district, represented by Mankato educator Tim Walz, a Democrat.

At the state level, Burke Township is located in Senate District 22, represented by Republican Doug Magnus, and in House District 22A, represented by Republican Joe Schomacker.

In the 2020 Democratic Party presidential primaries, it was the only township in the state to vote for candidate Tulsi Gabbard.