[6] After becoming Secretary General of the Socialist Youth of La Rioja region in 2002,[4][7] Luena served as municipal councillor in Bobadilla from 2003 to 2007.

[8] Also active in college organizations at the national level, he was a member of the Federation of Progressive Students of Spain (2004–2007) and the Consejo Escolar del Estado [es] (2006–2007).

[4] He was designated as head of the PSOE list in La Rioja to the Lower House for the 2008 general election,[10] becoming a member of the 9th term of the Congress of Deputies.

In this capacity, he was the parliament's rapporteur on the EU's strategy for biodiversity (2021), calling for legally binding measures to halve the use of chemical pesticides, cut fertilizer use by 20% and expand protected areas of land and sea by 2030,[21] and nature restoration regulation (2023).

[22] In addition to his committee assignments, Luena also became a member of the parliament's delegation for relations with the Korean Peninsula (DKOR), assuming a vice-chair role.