He is known for the anatomy building at the University of Greifswald, which he had built, and for making the first formal description of a tardigrade.

[4][5] In 1856 Schultze gave up his chair but remained a member of the teaching staff at the University of Greifswald.

In 1869, after half a century as a university lecturer, he moved to live with his son Bernhard Sigmund Schultze in Jena.

In 1834, Schulze gave the first formal description of any tardigrade, specifically Macrobiotus hufelandi, in a work subtitled "a new animal from the crustacean class, capable of reviving after prolonged asphyxia and dryness".

[9] In 1862 he was awarded the title of Privy Medical Councillor, and in 1868 the Order of the Red Eagle, 3rd Class.