Calaway Homer Dodson (December 17, 1928 – August 9, 2020) was an American botanist, orchidologist, and taxonomist.
Over the course of his life, he made numerous expeditions to the tropics of the Americas, covering the Andes of Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Bolivia, where he collected specimens and discovered new species of different genera of orchids.
In 1960 Dodson began, in collaboration with Robert Dressler, a classification of the Maxillaria of the Americas.
In 1965 he presented a study of the pollinating agents of orchids and the importance that they have on the evolutionary development of the family Orchidaceae.
In the spring of 1973, Dodson was named executive director of the new Marie Selby Botanical Gardens in Sarasota, Florida, where he stayed for ten years,[2] of which he was "Honorary Curator of Orchidaceae".