Calcium chloride

[13] By depressing the freezing point of water, calcium chloride is used to prevent ice formation and is used to de-ice.

Solutions of calcium chloride can prevent freezing at temperatures as low as −52 °C (−62 °F), making it ideal for filling agricultural implement tires as a liquid ballast, aiding traction in cold climates.

A concentrated solution keeps a liquid layer on the surface of dirt roads, which suppresses the formation of dust.

[21][22][23] It is also used to enhance the texture of various other products, such as whole apples, whole hot peppers, whole and sliced strawberries, diced tomatoes, and whole peaches.

[32] Calcium chloride is also commonly used as an "electrolyte" in sports drinks and other beverages; as a food additive used in conjunction with other inorganic salts it adds taste to bottled water.

[36] Calcium chloride is permitted as a food additive in the European Union for use as a sequestrant and firming agent with the E number E509.

[42] However, caution should be exercised when handling calcium chloride, for it has the potential to release heat energy upon dissolution in water.

In fact, there have been reported cases of stomach necrosis resulting from burns caused by accidental ingestions of big amounts of undissolved calcium chloride.

[43][44] The extremely salty taste of calcium chloride is used to flavor pickles without increasing the food's sodium content.

[45] Calcium chloride is used to prevent cork spot and bitter pit on apples by spraying on the tree during the late growing season.

Similarly, CaCl2 is used as a flux and electrolyte in the FFC Cambridge electrolysis process for titanium production, where it ensures the proper exchange of calcium and oxygen ions between the electrodes.

While chloride ions (Cl⁻) primarily contribute to saltiness, at higher concentrations, they can enhance the bitter sensation.

The salty taste arises from the electrolyte nature of the compound, similar to sodium chloride (table salt).

[citation needed] The exothermic dissolution of calcium chloride is used in self-heating cans and heating pads.

[citation needed] In the oil industry, calcium chloride is used to increase the density of solids-free brines.

[citation needed] Calcium chloride (CaCl2) acts as flux material, decreasing the melting point, in the Davy process for the industrial production of sodium metal through the electrolysis of molten NaCl.

It suspends clay particles so that they float within the solution, making it easier to use in a variety of slipcasting techniques.

[65] If the solution is left standing, it can absorb additional water vapor, leading to dilution and a decrease in the intended concentration.

[70][71][non-primary sources needed] Cocaine producers in Colombia import tons of calcium chloride to recover solvents that are on the INCB Red List and are more tightly controlled.

[72] Although the salt is non-toxic in small quantities when wet, the strongly hygroscopic properties of non-hydrated calcium chloride present some hazards.

Solid calcium chloride dissolves exothermically, and burns can result in the mouth and esophagus if it is ingested.

This description is illustrated by the fact that these solutions react with phosphate sources to give a solid precipitate of calcium phosphate: Calcium chloride has a very high enthalpy change of solution, indicated by considerable temperature rise accompanying dissolution of the anhydrous salt in water.

Structure of calcium chloride, (chlorine is green, calcium is gray)
Structure of calcium chloride, (chlorine is green, calcium is gray)
Sample of calcium chloride
Sample of calcium chloride
NFPA 704 four-colored diamond Health 2: Intense or continued but not chronic exposure could cause temporary incapacitation or possible residual injury. E.g. chloroform Flammability 0: Will not burn. E.g. water Instability 1: Normally stable, but can become unstable at elevated temperatures and pressures. E.g. calcium Special hazards (white): no code
Bulk CaCl 2 for de-icing in Japan
Calcium chloride was sprayed on this road to prevent weathering , giving it a wet appearance even in dry weather.
Flame test of CaCl 2
Structure of the polymeric [Ca(H 2 O) 6 ] 2+ center in crystalline calcium chloride hexahydrate, illustrating the high coordination number typical for calcium complexes.