It is located along the West Fork of Duck Creek about 23 miles (37 km) north of Marietta.

[6] The Pennsylvania Railroad reached Caldwell in the 1870s, tying it to markets in the east and north along the Great Lakes.

There were 929 housing units at an average density of 1,043.8 per square mile (403.0/km2).

43.3% of all households were made up of individuals, and 23.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older.

39.4% of all households were made up of individuals, and 23.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older.

[11] Caldwell High School's cross country team had one of the most dominant runs by any Ohio High School Athletic Association team, winning small-school state championships every year from 1985 to 1992 and the National Championship in 1986.

[13] Ron Martin was the head coach of the 1985 and 1986 teams and was inducted into the OATCCC Hall of Fame in 1997.

[14] Brian Jonard,[15] 1973 the 1976, and Tony Carna,[16] 1983 thru 1986, are Caldwell runners who have been inducted into the Hall of Fame as well.