Caleb Lyon (December 7, 1822 – September 8, 1875) was Governor of Idaho Territory from 1864 to 1865 during the last half of the American Civil War.

He attended and graduated from the American Literary, Scientific and Military Academy (later Norwich University), Class of 1841.

Appointed by President Abraham Lincoln in 1864, as Governor of Idaho Territory, Lyon proved to be extremely unpopular.

Lyon started a diamond-prospecting frenzy when he claimed that a prospector had found a diamond near Ruby City, Idaho.

[4] In 1866, an audit showed that Lyon had embezzled $46,418 in federal funds which were intended for the Nez Perce people.