Mission Indians

For example, in 1803, twenty-eight years into the mission period, Friar Fermín de Lasuén wrote:[4] Generally the neophytes have not yet enough affection for Christianity and civilization.

[1] Around 1906, Alfred L. Kroeber and Constance G. Du Bois, of the University of California, Berkeley, first applied the term "Mission Indians" to southern California Native Americans, as an ethnographic and anthropological label to include those at Mission San Luis Obispo de Tolosa and south.

This would further sanction the original grants of the Mexican government to the natives in southern California, and sought to protect their rights, while giving railroad corporations a primary interest.

As part of the 1928 the California Indian Jurisdictional Act enrollment, Native Americans were asked to identify their "Tribe or Band".

The enrollment was part of a plan to provide reservation lands promised, but never fulfilled by 18 non-ratified treaties made in 1851–1852.

Los Angeles, San Luis Obispo, Ventura and Orange Counties do not contain any tribal trust lands.

Eleven of the southern California reservations were included under the early 20th-century allotment programs, which broke up communal tribal holding, to assign property to individual households, with individual heads of household and tribal members identified lists such as the Dawes Rolls.

Ruin of the Indian quarters, Mission San Luis Rey
Depiction of three "Indian Crones" from the Mission San Luis Rey de Francia, published in "American Indians: first families of the Southwest" by John Frederick Huckel, in 1920
Indian cemetery at Mission San Carlos Borromeo , Carmel, California
The territorial boundaries of the southern California Indian tribes based on dialect, including the Cahuilla , Chemehuevi , Cupeño , Diegueño , Gabrieliño , Juaneño (highlighted), Luiseño , and Mohave language groups. [ 9 ]