The appellation is distinguished by its volcanic soil,[3] high temperatures up to 100 °F (38 °C) during the day, and cool nights during the growing season due to breezes from the Russian River, causing the highest diurnal temperature variation in the Napa Valley—up to 50 °F (28 °C).

The area is noted for its topographical diversity and uniform geology, with bedrock almost exclusively made through volcanic action.

Viticultural and winery census data from 1880 list Calistoga as a distinct region separate from Napa.

[2][5] The appellation was proposed in 2003 by Bo Barrett petitioning for separate AVA status, with final approval coming through in 2009, effective 2010.

[2][6] When the appellation was proposed, two wineries (Calistoga Cellars and Calistoga Estate) fought against the proposal, as under U.S. wine law they would either have to use 85% grapes from the new AVA (neither did at the time) or change their brand names.