Pennsylvania Route 368 passes through the center of Callensburg, leading west 7 miles (11 km) to Parker on the Allegheny River.

According to the United States Census Bureau, Callensburg has a total area of 0.2 square miles (0.4 km2), all land.

[3] Callensburg was surveyed in 1826, by Hugh Callen, Sr., who commissioned a young surveyor named Sidle Lobaugh to lay out a town on part of the 300 acres he had purchased in 1812.

On his return from church at Concord one Sunday he stuck the whip into the ground, and this lone poplar stands today as a monument to the piety of him who planted it."

About 17.3% of families and 24.3% of the population were below the poverty line, including 38.5% of those under the age of eighteen and 36.7% of those sixty five or over.