It is endemic to the western slope of the Serrania de Sira, Department of Huánuco, Peru.

[1][3] The specific name baltea is Latin for "border" and refers to the salmon line that separates the dorsal and ventral colors of this frog.

[2] Callimedusa baltea inhabits low cloud forest at elevations of 1,280–1,500 m (4,200–4,920 ft) above sea level.

It is not a common species although it was recorded by surveys in both 2013 and 2014 at rate of about one individual per person hour.

In other areas where the frog is known, the ground is too steep for logging or mining to be practical.