It has a single smooth, erect leaf and up to seven dull greenish flowers with reddish brown or purplish stripes.

Calochilus stramenicola is a terrestrial, perennial, deciduous, herb with an underground tuber and a single smooth erect, linear to lance-shaped, dark green leaf, 80–200 mm (3–8 in) long and 3–5 mm (0.1–0.2 in) wide and which is fully developed when the first flower opens.

[2][3][4][5] Calochilus stramenicola was first formally described in 2006 by David Jones and the description was published in Australian Orchid Research.

[6] The specific epithet (stramenicola) is derived from the Latin word stramen meaning "straw", "litter" or "any material for bedding down"[7]: 133  with the suffix -cola meaning "dweller",[7]: 217  referring to the preference of this species for growing in accumulations of litter.

It is found in a narrow band between Narrogin and Wannamal in the Avon Wheatbelt, Jarrah Forest and Swan Coastal Plain biogeographic regions.