Calvin Wilson Mateer (Chinese: 狄考文; pinyin: Dí Kǎowén, sometimes misspelt "Matteer") (9 January 1836 – 28 September 1908) was a missionary to China with the American Presbyterian Mission.

He was of Scottish-Irish descent and a native of Cumberland County, Pennsylvania.

After serving with the Presbyterian church of Delaware, Ohio, for two years,[2] he arrived in Dengzhou (today part of Penglai City, Shandong) with his wife Julia Brown Mateer[3] in early January 1864 and continued to work as a missionary in China for 45 years.

[4] In 1882, Mateer founded Tengchow College as the first modern institution of higher education in China.

His Course of Mandarin Lessons, based on idiom, first published in 1892,[5] was a popular text for learners, garnering four further editions by 1922.