Cambaytherium is an extinct genus of placental mammals in the family Cambaytheriidae[1] whose fossils were found in an open pit coal mine located in Gujarat, India.

[2] The mine was a treasure trove full of teeth and bones, over 200 of which were identified as belonging to Cambaytherium thewissi.

The remains of the third species are too fragmentary to allow a consistent estimate of its size, although it appears to have been significantly larger than the others, perhaps weighing 100 kilograms (220 lb) or more.

[4] The shape and wear patterns of the teeth suggest that it was herbivorous, with a considerable amount of tough vegetation in its diet, such as nuts and abrasive leaves and stems.

An analysis published in 2019 placed the Cambaytheriidae as most closely related to the anthracobunids in the order Anthracobunia, a sister group to the true perissodactyls.