Cambridge is part of the Berlin, NH-VT Micropolitan Statistical Area.

[4] Most of the township is forested wilderness, but it contains the southernmost edge of Umbagog Lake, accessed via New Hampshire Route 26 from Errol or from Upton, Maine.

The lake's outlet, 6 miles (10 km) to the north in Errol, is the source of the Androscoggin River, which flows southward through the northwestern part of Cambridge.

A portion of the 13-Mile Woods Scenic Area follows the Androscoggin through the township, as does New Hampshire Route 16, which leads north to Errol and south to Berlin.

The highest point in the township is the summit of Cambridge Black Mountain, at 2,780 feet (850 m) above sea level.