One such fort is located at Gillies Hill, a large semi-natural ancient woodland area with a range of unusual wildlife, thought to be the site of Robert the Bruce's camp shortly before the Battle of Bannockburn.

Notable former residents include evangelist Henry Drummond, documentary writer John Grierson and footballer Frank Beattie.

A number of hill forts dating from the Iron Age have been found close to Cambusbarron, although none have been discovered in the centre of the village.

[2] In the sixteenth century, Cambusbarron came under the control of successive Earls of Kellie, before being sold to William Leslie, later the tenth Baron of Balquhain, in 1640.

Cambusbarron lies just beyond the western extremity of the Stirling and Clackmannan coalfield, but has significant limestone and quartz-dolerite deposits, both of which have been extracted.

It is the site of an Iron Age fort designated a Scheduled Ancient Monument, and is believed to have been the location of Robert the Bruce's camp prior to the Battle of Bannockburn in 1314.

[4] After its closure the mill remained largely unchanged for many years, and was used as a training base by the King's Own Scottish Borderers during World War I.

[16] Hayford House, an 1850 Jacobean villa built for Robert Smith senior close to the mill, was Category B listed at the same time.

[18] Evangelist and writer Henry Drummond (1851–1897), although born in Stirling, lived for much of his early life in Cambusbarron, and founded a Sunday school in the village.

[19] Documentary film maker John Grierson (1898–1972) was the son of a local school headmaster and also lived in the village as a child, although he was born in Perthshire.