Jean Pierre François Camille Montagne (15 February 1784 – 5 December 1866) was a French military physician and botanist who specialized in the fields of bryology and mycology.

At the age of 14, Montagne joined the French navy, and took part in Napoleon's invasion of Egypt.

In 1802, he returned to France to study medicine, and two years later became a military surgeon.

In 1832, at the age of 48 he retired from military service to concentrate on the study of cryptogams (mosses, algae, lichens and fungi).

He contributed numerous articles to the Archives de Botanique and the Annales des Sciences naturelles.