The youngest son of Ignace Joseph Pleyel, he studied with Jan Dussek.
Pleyel's wife, Marie-Félicité-Denise née Moke (1811–1875), was also an accomplished pianist who studied under Friedrich Kalkbrenner.
Before their marriage, Marie's mother called off her engagement with Hector Berlioz, inspiring Berlioz to elaborately plan to kill Marie, her mother, and Camille using two stolen double-barreled pistols, though he did not carry through with his plan.
Camille and Marie separated after four years of marriage on account of her "multiple infidelities",[3] and she went on to become a professor of piano at the conservatory in Brussels in 1848.
[3] Pleyel died in 1855 and was buried in the Père Lachaise Cemetery in Paris.