)"[1] The social science principle of Campbell's law is used to point out the negative consequences of high-stakes testing in U.S. classrooms.
[5] There are closely related ideas known by different names, such as Goodhart's law and the Lucas critique.
Another concept related to Campbell's law emerged in 2006 when UK researchers Rebecca Boden and Debbie Epstein published an analysis of evidence-based policy, a practice espoused by Prime Minister Tony Blair.
In the paper, Boden and Epstein described how a government that tries to base its policy on evidence can actually end up producing corrupted data because it "seeks to capture and control the knowledge producing processes to the point where this type of 'research' might best be described as 'policy-based evidence'.
Concrete measures must be adopted to reduce alteration and manipulation of information.