Campbell /ˈkæmbəl/ is a city in Santa Clara County, California, in the San Francisco Bay Area.

[6] Campbell is home to the Pruneyard Shopping Center, a sprawling open-air retail complex which was involved in a famous U.S. Supreme Court case that established the extent of the right to free speech in California.

[7] Today, the Pruneyard Shopping Center is home to the South Bay offices of the Federal Bureau of Investigation.

Prior to the founding of the neighborhood of Campbell, the land was occupied by the Ohlone, the Native American people of the Northern California coast.

About a third of present-day Campbell was part of the 1839 Alta California Rancho Rinconada de Los Gatos land grant.

The northern extent of the grant land was along present-day Rincon Avenue, and across the North end of John D. Morgan Park in central Campbell.

[8] William started a sawmill in Saratoga, and surveyed the cities of San Jose and Santa Clara.

In 1851, Benjamin bought 160 acres (0.65 km2) in southern Santa Clara Valley and cultivated hay and grain on it.

[8] By 1887, the first subdivision was recorded west of the railroad, from Campbell Avenue to the spot where the Water Tower Plaza now stands.

Today, Campbell is a suburban residential neighborhood in the southern part of the Santa Clara Valley.

Campbell is bordered on the east and north by San Jose, on the south by Los Gatos, and on the west by a small portion of Saratoga.

Of the total area, 1.49% is water, consisting of percolation ponds in Los Gatos Creek Park and in other locations; San Tomas Aquino Creek, which flows north on the west side of the city, is completely enclosed with fences and runs through concrete culverts; and Los Gatos Creek, which flows north-north-east on the east side of the city and has paths along both banks for hikers and joggers (locally called the "Perc Ponds").

Campbell has a Mediterranean climate, characterized by mild, wet winters and warm, dry summers.

8x8, Barracuda Networks, List Biological Laboratories, Move, ChargePoint, Hightail and ZURB[18] are among the companies based in Campbell.

[22] Campbell is strongly Democratic in presidential elections, with the last Republican to win the city being Ronald Reagan in 1984.

Public transport in Campbell is operated by the Santa Clara Valley Transportation Authority and includes several local and express bus lines that link the community to nearby towns, including Cupertino, Los Gatos, Palo Alto, San Jose, Santa Clara and Saratoga.

[citation needed] The extension was the subject of a minor dispute with the Federal Railroad Administration over the sounding of train horns late at night.

There are few large shopping centers or business complexes in the city, as Campbell is primarily a suburban residential area.

[27] As of October 2006, the median price of single-family homes and condos was $707,500, up 4.8% from the previous October, and averaging $472 per square foot ($5,080/m2) according to the San Jose Mercury News[citation needed]; the average single-family home price, excluding condos, was $645,000 in January 2004 (according to the Santa Clara County Association of Realtors).

The price is based largely on the land value; the replacement cost for homes is about $150 to $200 per square foot ($1,600 to $2,200/m2).

[28] Like many other cities in the Santa Clara Valley, Campbell was originally orchard land that was later developed into housing tracts.

Westmont High School is home to one of the few enduring Future Farmers of America programs left in the San Francisco Bay Area.

[30] In the early 1990s, the Ainsley House a unique English Tudor-style house built in 1925,[31] was moved from its original site at the corner of Hamilton and Bascom Avenues (the current site of eBay's headquarters) to the downtown quad and furnished with many of the Ainsley family's original furnishings.

[32] The Redwood Tree, which stands at the corner of Winchester Boulevard and Campbell Avenue was originally planted there on May 11, 1903, by then President Teddy Roosevelt.

[34] The Heritage Theater, formerly the high school's auditorium, was reopened after renovations in 2004 as an entertainment and event venue.

Campbell for many years had one of the most successful youth baseball programs in the country, reaching fourteen World Series from 1960 to 1987.

Moreland in 1962 became the only Northern California team to win a Little League World Series, with 6-foot-1, 210-pound (95 kg) Ted Campbell pitching a no-hitter in a 3–0 victory over Kankakee, Illinois, in the championship game.

Ten future major leaguers played in the Campbell youth baseball system: Chris Codiroli, Don Hahn, George Tsamis, Steve Davis, Dan Gladden, Doug Capilla, Rich Troedson, Joe Ferguson, John Oldham, and Greg Gohr.