The name referred in particular to the area of the Esquiline Hill that lay outside the portas Esquilina during the end of the Republic and the rise of the Empire.
[3] During the Great Roman Fire of 64 AD, the imperial residence on the Palatine Hill, the Domus Transitoria, burned down.
[4] Because of the popularity of the Esquiline Hill, the Flavians decided to construct the Baths of Titus right by the Domus Aurea.
A praetor's edict forbade cremation of bodies and dumping of manure or carcasses within the area of the Campus Esquilinus.
(The carcasses mentioned in the edict were most likely from animals used for chariots, various Roman games, or simply wild beasts.