7,000 m (4.3 mi) Grenade at 35° The Canon de 19 C modèle 1864 was a 194 mm cast iron rifled breech loader built-up gun used by the French Navy, as coastal artillery, and also in land warfare.

It came shortly after the 1855 Battle of Kinburn and consisted of seven hooped / ringed guns in the calibers 14, 16, and 22 cm.

A new series of rifled guns called 'modèle 1864', later 'modèle 1864-1866' was designed after the 1862 Battle of Hampton Roads.

This battle made it clear that the existing 14 and 16 cm guns were not strong enough to effectively penetrate armored ships.

[7] The 50-pounder gun might explain the 194 mm caliber of the Canon de 19 C modèle 1864.

The first designs of the Canon de 19 C modèle 1864 date from October and December 1864.

There were e.g. guns with a single and (multiple arrangements of) double layers of rings.

The primary reason for this change was the invention of slower burning gunpowders.

The changes consisted of inserting a steel inner tube into the gun and increasing the size of the powder chamber.

Later on three different systems with a double layer of rings were introduced and put into service.

Behind the main barrel, there was a transitional cone that led to the powder chamber.

[21] The 'Boulet ogival de 19 c/m en fonte dure' was the chilled cast iron equivalent of the same weight.

The 'Boulet ogival de 19 c/m en fonte ordinaire' was a cast iron shot for exercises.

As the regular grenade relied on its explosion to cause damage, its range and accuracy were most important.

The ballistic table for this projectile went up to 800 m, which can be taken as the maximum effective range of the A-P shot.

[27] The Canon de 19 C modèle 1864 T 1870 used the model 1870 projectiles and higher charges.

[26] For use on the upper deck, there were three models of the affût à flèche directrice.

These were named for a handle (flèche) at the end of the trail to point the gun horizontally.

[30] The second type of carriage were the affûts de batterie à châssis.

As the name implies, these were meant to be used on the covered gun deck of ironclads.

[39] The turntable carriages (affûts à plate-forme tournante) were designed for the Alma-class armored corvettes.

[46] In 1876 Couronne got four 19 cm M 1864 guns on affûts à châssis on the upper deck.

[48] The Provence-class ironclads would also get four 19 C modèle 1864 guns on the upper deck after re-armament.

[49] The smaller Belliqueuse initially had four 19 C modèle 1864 on affûts de batterie à châssis, but these were later replaced by M 1870 guns.

[50] The floating battery Opiniâtre had four 19 C modèle 1864 guns on carriages with wooden frames.

[51] The floating battery Implacable initially had the same armament and retained two 19 C modèle 1864 guns when she became a schooling vessel.

[52] The floating batteries Embuscade, Protectrice, Refuge, and Imprenable also got four 19 C modèle 1864 guns.