The Cubs started play as an expansion franchise in the Eastern Hockey League in 1972, the same year their home arena—the Cape Cod Coliseum—was constructed.
An affiliate of the National Hockey League's Boston Bruins and New York Rangers, the Cubs were coached by former Bruin Bronco Horvath and they won the EHL's Central Division championship in their first year of play.
When the EHL folded, the Cubs became founding members of the North American Hockey League for the 1973–74 season.
For 1974–75, the team changed its name, its affiliations and its coach, becoming the Cape Codders and signing working agreements with the World Hockey Association's New England Whalers and Cleveland Crusaders.
The Hyannis Presidents team in the movie Slap Shot was based on the Cape Cod Cubs, and featured one of its actual players, Mark Bousquet.