The Hejaz region was ruled as a kingdom under King Hussein bin Ali of the Hashemite family.

After the fall of the city of Ta'if to Ibn Saud in September 1924, King Hussein bin Ali fled from Mecca to Jeddah on 6 October 1924 on the advice of Hejazi notables and declared his son Ali bin Hussein the King of Hejaz.

[1] The abandonment of the city left behind a cache of weapons in the Qishla of Mecca which were recovered by Saudi forces.

The siege lasted until 16 December 1925 when, with British mediation, Sharif Ali surrendered and left the city for Baghdad.

In the same month, Ibn Saud declared himself King of Hejaz in addition to being the Sultan of Nejd.