Gaelic football has been played in the area as far back as the 18th century with teams from Landenstown, Donore, Blackwood and the village of Prosperous.

The inaugural meeting of Prosperous & Blackwood Sir T Esmondes attracted 140 members in February 1888 under the patronage of local parish priest Father Kinsella and a British army veteran, Captain Fitzpatrick.

Their rivals, Tim Healys were set up at Digby Bridge who reached the Kildare senior football semi-final in 1890.

Digby Bridge Tim Healys officers John Dunne and Thomas Malone were listed as attending the 1889 convention.

1918 was also the same year that Caragh won their first Senior championship captained by Larry Stanley who also lead Kildare to Leinster and All Ireland success.

The match was played during Irish Civil War and St. Conleth's were awarded title on objection because one of the Caragh players called C. McCarthy gave a false name as he was 'on the run' from Free State troops at the time.

Caragh are the only club to have played in five successive county finals from 1918 to 1923, winning two of them losing a third on objection and a fourth to a Naas goal scored before the backs had returned to their positions.

Caragh qualified for the 1925 county final having lost two and drawn one of the three matches they played, losing a replay against Athy by 2–3 to 1-3 and the semifinal against Roseberry by 12 points.

An official opening ceremony was held and the grounds blessed by Father Mark Minma C.C.. Kildare GAA chairman Liam Geraghty and club Secretary Tim Clarke oversaw the event.

A significant portion of the club's players were members of Clane Community School's All Ireland colleges victory team.

A Ladies committee was formed in the early 80s and played a large part in fundraising for the club's Clubhouse which was opened in the mid 80s.

The Caragh team managed by Donnacha Hayden won the 2010 Junior Championship defeating local rivals Robertstown in the final.