Born in Siena, Patrizi Naro was educated in the Collegio dei Protonotari Apostolici, in Rome.

He was consecrated on 21 December by Cardinal Carlo Odescalchi, assisted by Lorenzo Mattei, and by Paolo Agosto Foscolo.

He remained in Tuscany until he was appointed as Prefect of the Apostolic Palace on 2 July 1832 by Pope Gregory XVI.

He was created cardinal, but only in pectore, in the consistory of 23 June 1834 and publicly proclaimed on 11 July 1836, becoming Cardinal-Priest of San Silvestro in Capite.

In 1858 he and King Ferdinand II reiterated a petition to the Pope for the authorization of the worship of the Seven Archangels.