Cardinals created by John XXIII

[1] Beginning at his first consistory, he expanded the size of the College beyond the limit of seventy established in 1586[2] and on several occasions announced that further increases should be expected.

Pope John announced the names of 23 new cardinals on 17 November 1958, including 13 Italians, ten of whom held offices in the Roman Curia.

[6][10] On 17 December Pope John gave red birettas and assigned titular churches and deaconries to the twenty of the 23 who were present.

[15] Pope John announced the names of eight new cardinals on 16 November 1959, increasing the size of the College to 79,[16] including 31 Italians.

[21][22] At the secret consistory on 28 March, he noted the historic significance of their inclusion by addressing them: "Dear and venerable brothers of Tokyo, Manila and Rutabo, please tell your populations that the Pope loves them."

[25] Because Pope John failed to reveal the names of the three cardinals created in pectore before his death, their appointments never took effect.

[33] The consistory on 19 March left the college with 87 cardinals, including thirty Italian, eight French, six Spanish, and five from the United States.