It was formed by uniting various fragmented and uncoordinated Church-organised charitable activities into a single, cohesive organisation with a national headquarter and regional branches within different Catholic dioceses.

[3] In 1928, the different Caritas organisations of Czechoslovakia (Czech, Moravian-Silesian and Slovak) united in a country-wide network to form the Imperial Headquarters of Charity Unions in Czechoslovakia (Říšské ústředí Svazů charity v Československu), which is considered to be the predecessor of Caritas Czech Republic.

[9] By the 1950s, most activities were suppressed, and Caritas was only allowed to manage the charitable homes for old and sick priests and religious sisters from closed and dissolved monasteries.

[10][11] The services provided include support for seniors, terminally ill individuals, people with physical or mental disabilities, children, mothers with children in crisis situations, individuals with severe disabilities, and homeless people, focusing primarily on health and social care.

Caritas Slovakia also offers humanitarian assistance within the country and the wider region, such as aiding victims of natural disasters, like the 2021 South Moravia tornado, and supporting Ukrainians who arrived in large numbers following the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine.

[13][14] At the international level, the national office is active in humanitarian and development projects in collaboration with partners abroad, supporting initiatives in countries such as Uganda, Rwanda, India, Vietnam, Albania, Kenya, Kazakhstan, Ukraine, and Haiti.