Carl Hertel

From 1855 to 1858, he attended the Kunstakademie Düsseldorf, where he was a student of Christian Köhler, Rudolf Wiegmann and Karl Müller.

Between 1861 and 1890, he exhibited his works throughout the German-speaking nations; including nine showings in Berlin, four in Dresden, three in Düsseldorf, two in Hannover, and one each in Vienna (1882) and Bremen (1890).

[3] His best known, and most controversial, painting was the satirical Jung-Deutschland in der Schule (Young Germany in School), depicting students in a geography class.

Max Jordan [de], the Director of the National Gallery, thought highly of it and bought it for the museum in 1874.

That same year, a critic for the magazine, Dioskuren [de], which was a major promoter of the "Young Germany" ideology, saw the scene as a political issue and described the classroom as a "nursery school for budding convicts as future citizens", not a satire on their movement.