He worked as a teacher for Gregorian musicology, music theory and violin at the Bischöfliche Kirchenmusikschule after the completion of his studies, but attended the composition class of Fritz Volbach at the University of Münster further on.
Further studies included Instrumental Music with Emil Nikolaus von Reznicek as well as courses with Max Seiffert and Curt Sachs.
In 1923 after his studies Carl Ueter took the position of a lecturer at the Musikhochschule Mannheim and became later in the same year répétiteur at the Stadttheater Münster.
In 1946 the Hochschule für Musik Freiburg was founded and Carl Ueter took a position as a lecturer there from the very beginning.
Among his most notable students are Hans Zender, Werner Jacob, Gerbert Mutter, Isaac Karabtchevsky, Günther Wich, Wolfgang Gayler and David Machado.