The family moved back to Canada when he was a teenager, and Carl attended Riverdale Collegiate Institute before entering Queen's University in the fall of 1924.

[1] In 1925-26, Voss helped Queen's University's hockey team reach the Memorial Cup finals where they were defeated 2-1 by the Calgary Canadians.

In 1933-34, Voss played in eight games with the Red Wings before being traded to the Ottawa Senators for cash and player Cooney Weiland.

He saw action with the St. Louis Eagles, New York Americans, and the Montreal Maroons before settling in with the Chicago Blackhawks in 1937-38.

For the next ten years, Voss was their main principal agent associated with hockey teams across the United States.

After the USHL suspended operations in 1951, he joined the St. Louis Flyers of the AHL as manager and coach while continuing to work as a consultant to on-ice officials.

His administrative qualities caught the eyes of the National Hockey League and he was offered the job of referee-in-chief of the NHL.